瑞银汪涛:倘短期内疫情扩散未有明显遏制 零售、旅游、酒店业等料受明显冲击
瑞银亚洲经济研究主管、首席中国经济学家汪涛发表报告,指新型冠状病毒依然有诸多未解之处和不确定性,鉴於新型肺炎与2003年的SARS疫情有诸多相似之处,认为可以借鉴後者经验来推演本次疫情影响。她指出SARS的首位患者发现于2002年11月中旬,疫情扩散在2003年4月到5月初达到顶峰,到5月底到6月则基本得以遏制。2003年中国内地共5,327人感染SARS病毒、香港地区1,755人,全球平均死亡率达9.2%、远高於目前武汉新型病毒的2.1%。本次疫情政府介入时点早於此前、态度更加积极主动,且防疫能力也有大幅提升,因此本次疫情是否也会像SARS一样持续六个月以上存在较大不确定性。
她指出,2003年的SARS疫情严重影响了相关季度的中国经济。GDP环比增速(季调折年率)从2003年一季度的12%以上大幅回落到二季度的3.5%,主要通过影响旅游、交通、酒店和餐饮等相关行业。整体零售同比增速从2003年一季度的9.2%大幅回落到二季度的6.8%。另一方面,房地产、固定资产投资和工业生产活动较为稳健。2003年二季度房地产销售同比增长34%、新开工增长28%、投资增长33%,这部分可能是由於SARS期间政府保持了较为宽松的宏观政策。她续指,2003年政府为受SARS影响的相关行业提供了定向财政支援,如免除部分旅游、交通、酒店和餐饮行业的部分政府收费。货币信贷政策则更为宽松,M2同比增速从2003年3月的18.5%升至5月的20%以上,8月进一步升至21.7%。
她认为历史不会重演,但总是惊人的相似,更重要的是中国应该已经从SARS疫情中汲取了经验。针对本次疫情,政府反应和防控工作比SARS期间更加积极、沟通也更加透明,中国的公共卫生系统也比当年更有经验。鉴於目前资讯有限,新型肺炎的死亡率似乎远低於SARS。但是,春运期间的大量人员流动无疑会对疫情防控工作造成非常大挑战,病毒扩散情况会更加复杂化。
汪涛续称,如果短期内疫情扩散没有得到明显遏制,该行认为零售、旅游、酒店和餐饮、运输等行业都会受到明显冲击,特别是在一季度到二季度。这也意味着目前对一、二季度经济增长环比反弹的预测面临一定下行压力。政府可能会加码政策宽松力度来对疫情带来的下行压力,特别是疫情直接影响的相关行业,从而有利於支撑这些行业在之後的反弹。该行预计年内央行会再降准50个基点、降低MLF利率10至15基点,从而保持银行间流动性宽松,引导市场利率下行。
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