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蒙牛乳业营收、净利润双提升,为何引发股价大跌?
格隆汇 08-30 08:24

蒙牛乳业(2319.HK)中期业绩显示,2019年上半年,公司收入为人民币398.6亿元,同比增长15.6%;公司拥有人应占净利润为20.8亿元,同比增长33%,基本每股盈利0.531元。

业绩发布后,蒙牛早盘股价跳空低开,盘中一度大跌9%,造成这种现象的原因分别如下:

①  主业务液态奶的利润率不及市场预期。

主业务液态奶的收入为331.09亿元(占总收入83.1%),同比增长14.4%,营业利润率为5.4%(同比持平)。

 在上游奶牛存栏量持续下降和下游对原奶需求量上升的大背景下,原奶价格进入上涨周期。加上进口原奶价格走势平稳,市场预期原奶价格会持续上涨,利润可期。因此,前期市场顺势炒高利润率,给出的液态奶利润率预期提升0.6个百分点以上。

那蒙牛为什么没有达到呢?

公司确实在不断做产品多元化,加强产品升级,比如,常温业务积极聚焦特仑苏、纯甄和真果粒等明星品牌,市场份额稳步提升。低温业务聚焦冠益乳和优益C两大明星品牌,专注发展功能性产品,市场份额保持领先并持续提升。明星产品也获得强劲增长 —— 特仑苏(+22%)、蒙牛纯牛奶(接近+20%)。

从财报来看,费用率高企。

比如说升级包装、赞助节目打广告、搞促销等等,这些都使得销售费用提升。特仑苏先后冠名赞助湖南卫视的国内首创美声类音乐节目《声入人心》和热门综艺节目《向往的生活3》,有效提升品牌高端形象和活跃度,在不断渗透年轻市场的同时,有效带动终端销量。

核心利润率低于预期。本期财报的核心利润率提升了0.4个百分点,市场预期是提升0.5个百分点。

②  南下资金提前入场投机,股价大跌形成沽压。

8月份是中报密集发布的时期,白酒、啤酒、涪陵榨菜等食品饮料的业绩吊炸天,股价纷纷高涨。投资者在后悔买晚了的同时,也会去押注食品饮料下一匹黑马。近半个月来,蒙牛的股价就被炒了一波,累计涨幅达13.2%。

 到了昨日,蒙牛股价抢跑业绩,股价一度创下历史新高至34.6元,最终收报33.45元,收涨1.06%。谁知早盘股价开始下跌,投资者落荒而逃。从今天股票卖空量看,也是创了近半年来的新高。

 今天的区间卖空交易金额达到近半年来的最高值至31010.73万。

③  市场存在更好的投资选择。

首先,短期看,业绩期各板块更能体现板块轮动的特点,今天港股的炒作热点是在生物医药、医疗设备板块,所以资金弃蒙牛也正常。

其次,长期看,食品饮料行业是防守最佳板块,但很显然蒙牛不是这个板块里最好的选择。上半年该板块整体业绩靓丽,股价涨幅也是羡煞旁人,中信食品饮料指数年初至今涨幅达67.5%,在所有行业中位列第一,乳制品并不是涨得最凶猛的。

像蒙牛这种乳制品,上游成本一波动,势必影响下游的毛利率水平。在某个地方建个厂能供应全国,没有自己的势力范围。虽然高端白酒经营可能不如大众消费品稳健,但相比起产品力,啤酒、白酒还是更有优势。

以白酒中的贵州茅台(600519.SH)为例,仅此一家,品牌高端,拥有定价权,十具社交功能属性。A股的前十大白酒股,年初至今涨幅已超50%。贵州茅台也已突破1100元/股。而伊利股份(600887.SH)、蒙牛、光明乳业(600597.SH)、燕塘乳业(002732.SZ)年初至今涨幅30%+。

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