愛爾蘭和瑞士被美國納入「匯率操縱」觀察對象
美國財政部周四(5日)向議會提交半年一次的「主要貿易夥伴的宏觀經濟及外匯政策」報告,是特朗普執政後首次發布有關報告。
報告未將任何貿易對手列為匯率操縱國,中國、日本,南韓、新加坡、台灣、越南、德國再次被列入密切關注是否進行匯率操縱的「監視名單」,愛爾蘭和瑞士也被加入名單。
美國指定匯率操縱觀察對象的標準有三項,即對美貿易順差達150億美元以上;經常項目順差額佔國內生產總值(GDP)3%以上;最近12個月至少有8個月淨買入美元,且其規模佔GDP的2%以上。只要符合其中的兩項條件,就會被列為觀察對象。
報道指,南韓自2016年4月以來連續14次被列入觀察名單,2023年11月時隔7年多被移出,2024年11月再次被列入名單。此次南韓對美貿易順差和經常項目順差超標,被納入觀察名單。
美國財政部表示,南韓經常項目順差佔GDP的5.3%,比前一年(1.8%)增加,對美貿易順差從前一年的140億美元增至2024年的550億美元。南韓政府2024年4月和12月干預外匯市場,應對匯率過度波動,並於2024年淨拋售112億美元,佔GDP的0.6%。
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