中信證券:8月中美歐製造業PMI指數出現改善跡象
本文來自格隆匯專欄:中信證券研究;作者:崔嶸 李翀
8月全球製造業PMI指數(49)較7月環比增長,呈現“中國回暖、新興擴張、歐洲見底、美國改善、東南亞亮麗”的特徵,中美歐經濟形勢均出現改善跡象。其中,中國在政策驅動下回暖趨勢料將延續,歐元區製造業或出現企穩現象。8月美國製造業收縮幅度收窄(47.6),生產分項重回擴張區間,物價分項下跌速度減慢(48.4),PMI指數企穩回升或暗示美國庫存週期進入被動去庫存階段。
▍8月全球製造業PMI指數較7月環比增長,錄得49,中美歐等地區經濟形勢均出現改善跡象。
8月全球製造業PMI指數為49,整體呈現“中國回暖、新興擴張、歐洲見底、美國改善、東南亞亮麗”的特徵。8月歐元區製造業PMI指數由前月的42.7回升至43.5。橫向比較來看,在中國和其他新興國家經濟復甦和擴張的帶動下,預計後續亞洲製造業表現或將持續好於歐美。
▍分區域來看:
1)亞洲方面,東南亞及南亞國家制造業持續景氣,我國經濟漸趨回暖。政策預期下我國經濟復甦動能持續轉暖(49.7),日本經濟景氣程度邊際略有回落,8月與7月基本持平(49.6)。此外,印度和泰國等國延續景氣趨勢。預計未來兩個月我國經濟有望重回擴張區間;
2)歐洲方面,歐元區製造業或出現企穩現象,英國讀數仍持續下跌。8月數據顯示歐元區主要國家制造業讀數邊際略有回升,製造業或出現見底現象,其中德國讀數由上月的38.8升至39.1,英國製造業讀數則持續下跌,8月錄得43;
3)美洲方面,美加製造業延續收縮趨勢,墨西哥製造業持續景氣。
▍8月美國製造業PMI延續回升趨勢(47.6),生產分項重回擴張區間。
8月美國ISM製造業PMI指數錄得47.6,較上月的46.4回升了1.3個百分點,高於47的市場預期。分項方面,物價分項下跌速度減慢(48.4),需重點關注油價等大宗商品波動以及製造業迴流增加產成品的需求對美國通脹的影響;就業分項由上月的44.4上行了4.1個百分點至48.5,後續需持續關注就業市場降温進程。8月新訂單收縮邊際加快(46.8)。此外,美國去庫存階段持續推進,商品價格和產能利用率出現結構性變化的背景下,製造業PMI指數連續回升或暗示美國庫存週期進入被動去庫存階段。整體來看,預計四季度美國製造業PMI讀數或仍在46-49附近。
▍關注我國對美出口增速觸底回升的時點。
7月我國出口同比下降14.5%,對俄羅斯和拉美地區出口支撐貿易增長。向後看,我國對美出口增速見底回升的拐點一般位於(美國)被動去庫存階段,整體來看預計全年出口存在分行業和分區域的結構性機會,結合美國地產投資觸底和製造業迴流背景下部分製成品的供需緊張現象(主要集中在鋼鐵、機械、電氣設備等),建議把握對我國出口企業業績的結構性帶動作用。
▍風險因素:
美聯儲貨幣緊縮路徑超預期;美國經濟衰退節奏及時點的不確定性;美國勞動力市場變化的不確定性;我國經濟疫後復甦進程低於預期;中美貿易政策變動超預期。
注:本文節選自中信證券研究部已於2023年9月5日發佈的《全球製造業2023年8月PMI跟蹤點評一8月中美歐製造業PMI指數出現改善跡象》,分析師:崔嶸S1010517040001、李翀S1010522100001
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