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信仰坍塌!美聯儲加息沒有“臨界點”

香港萬得通訊社報道,自從本輪美聯儲加息以來,市場就開始預測加息結束後何時開始降息。今夏以來,美股大幅反彈,也是基於美聯儲將很快達到加息的「臨界點」,從而轉向更加寬鬆的政策立場。上週,鮑威爾在傑克遜霍爾的講話,讓這一切美好願景都落空了。

來源:Wind

鮑威爾週五在傑克遜霍爾經濟政策研討會演講時表示:「降低通脹可能需要一段低於趨勢的持續增長期。利率上升、增長放緩和勞動力市場條件疲軟將降低通脹。利率上升還將給家庭和企業帶來一些痛苦。這是降低通脹的不幸成本,但如果不能恢復價格穩定,將意味着更大的痛苦。」

摩根士丹利投資管理(Morgan Stanley Investment Management)首席固定收益策略師Jim Caron 表示:「我認爲,他試圖向市場重申的是,本輪加息沒有‘臨界點’。鮑威爾真正想強調的是,聯邦公開市場委員會(FOMC)所做的是‘我們不會讓人們認爲我們變得更加鴿派’。」

雖然保額日而在央行年會上的演講,不是美聯儲政策會議的一部分,美聯儲議息會議纔會做出利率決定,但許多投資者正準備迎接一個激進的緊縮信息,這可能會使暫停加息、甚至明年降息的希望破滅。

Jim Caron 點評稱,美股下跌是因爲此前多數人都相信,美聯儲加息是有一個「臨界點」的。市場預期是「鮑威爾會表示,既然將利率提高到了2.5%,已經接近於中性水平。但他重申了一個事實,即需要遠遠高於這一水平,以遏制通脹。因此,我認爲,這可能是唯一的新東西。」

鮑威爾週五還表示,央行下個月的利率決定將取決於「即將到來的數據和不斷變化的前景」。8月份的失業率將於9月2日公佈,該數據跟蹤失業但目前正在尋找工作的人數。8月份的消費者價格指數報告將於9月13日發佈。

鑑於鮑威爾出乎意料鷹派的發言,很多策略師認爲,即使通脹數據出現明顯拐點,美聯儲也可能在9月加息75個基點。

最近幾天,美聯儲官員齊聲堅稱,其通脹鬥爭還有很長的路要走,同時也強調央行的決策仍應依賴於數據。

堪薩斯城聯儲主席Esther George 週四表示,7月份美國通脹放緩的跡象尚未成爲令人信服的趨勢。

聖路易斯聯儲主席James Bullard 表示,美聯儲的基準政策利率應繼續迅速提高,到年底將達到3.75%-4%的水平。

費城聯儲主席Patrick Harker表示,希望看到政策利率從目前的2.25%至2.5%區間升至3.4%,然後「靜坐片刻」。

亞特蘭大聯儲主席Raphael Bostic表示,傾向於在9月加息0.5個基點,此前早些時候公佈了好於預期的個人消費支出通脹數據。

根據聯邦公開市場委員會7月26日至27日會議紀要,美聯儲官員在7月同意,有必要將其政策利率調高到足以減緩經濟以應對高通脹。自7月份以來,美聯儲官員的公開講話變得越來越強硬。

Independent Advisor Alliance 首席投資官Chris Zaccarelli 在一份報告中表示:「數據顯示,消費者支出增長和通脹增長的速度都在放緩。然而,支出和通脹都在繼續增長,因此美聯儲需要扭轉這一趨勢,開始將通脹率降至2%或至少低於3%。」

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