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今晚10點!一文讀懂鮑威爾傑克遜霍爾年會講話關鍵看點

投資者希望從美國聯邦儲備委員會主席鮑威爾(Jerome Powell)週五在懷俄明州傑克遜霍爾(Jackson Hole)的講話中獲得新的指引,但他可能會傳遞同樣的抗通脹信息,只是語氣要強硬得多。

來源:Wind

一些市場人士預計鮑威爾將強調,美聯儲將以提高利率的形式,動用所有必要的火力來遏制通貨膨脹。他還可能指出,在美聯儲結束加息後,它可能會保持利率不變,這與市場預期相反,市場預期美聯儲實際上會在明年開始降息。

美聯儲觀察人士說,鮑威爾也不太可能提供任何實質性的線索,來解決有關美聯儲將在9月21日的下一次政策會議上加息50個基點還是75個基點的市場辯論。相反,鮑威爾可能會重申,美聯儲高度依賴即將出爐的經濟數據。在美聯儲9月開會之前,下週五還有一份重要的就業報告,9月13日還有8月份的消費者價格指數(CPI)。

期貨市場一直認爲9月的會議更有可能加息0.75個基點,即0.75個百分點。美聯儲在6月和7月都將利率提高了0.75個百分點。聯邦基金利率目前在2.25%至2.5%之間,美聯儲的目標是在明年第一季度之前將最終利率降至3.50%至3.75%。

鮑威爾面臨的挑戰將是他採取的語氣。「我認爲他在7月份給人的印象有點過於鴿派,不夠鷹派,」AXA Investment Managers宏觀經濟研究主管David Page表示。「我認爲他現在希望避免這種情況,因爲市場預計他會相對強硬。」

鮑威爾在7月會議後發表講話後,股市大漲,國債收益率下滑,顯示市場認爲鮑威爾在利率預期方面較爲溫和。但上週,在其他美聯儲官員一致發表鷹派言論的推動下,債券收益率有所上升。

Page說,鮑威爾正試圖避免股市再次大幅上漲和利率下降,這意味着金融狀況正在放鬆。美聯儲正試圖通過收緊金融環境來冷卻通脹,同時又不造成經濟衰退。他說:「鮑威爾將面臨的困難是,人們已經相當預期他將相當強硬,所以他至少必須相當強硬。」

去年的傑克遜霍爾研討會傳達出的信息則大不相同。鮑威爾仍將通脹定性爲"暫時的",美聯儲加息預期遠低於此。

美國銀行首席美國分析師Michael Gapen稱,"這是較長期政策立場的較低水準,但從那時起,環境也發生了巨大的變化,因爲通貨膨脹表明它是持續的,消費者通脹在6月份達到9.1%的峯值,這可能剛剛達到頂峯,比美聯儲最初的預期晚了幾個月。

「我認爲這將是一個信息,我們將在某個時刻放緩。我們正在緊縮,但不要指望會很快轉向削減。」Gapen說。

Gapen稱,鮑威爾在7月美聯儲會議後表示,美聯儲可能在某個時點縮減加息幅度,但他並未提及逆轉降息。

Gapen稱,"由於貨幣政策的前提是較低的貨幣政策持續時間更長,且需要火熱的勞動力市場,因此需要較高的貨幣政策持續時間更長,且不需要火熱的勞動力市場才能實現物價穩定。"

美聯儲觀察人士表示,鮑威爾在7月美聯儲會議後表示美聯儲利率接近中性時,可能混淆了市場預期。中性利率是指美聯儲不必加息或降息的利率水平,美聯儲官員長期以來一直認爲該利率爲2.5%。

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