大摩首席:全球經濟衰退的陰雲正在積聚,很難再回從前
摩根士丹利首席全球經濟學家Seth Carpenter週一在財經博客平臺撰文稱,全球經濟衰退的陰雲正在聚集。今年二季度,美國經濟陷入了“技術性衰退”;而歐洲受天然氣輸送量受限的影響,歐元區經濟衰退隱憂加劇。
Carpenter表示,摩根士丹利已將2022年全球經濟增長預期下調至2.5%,比市場普遍預期低了約0.5個百分點,比5月份大摩預計的2.9%低了0.4個百分點。
全球同時受到供應鏈短缺、大宗商品價格上漲和強勢美元的衝擊。爲了遏制高通脹,各國央行正在不同程度地縮減支出。
目前加息已經開始讓經濟有所回落,但其全部影響仍未在經濟中顯現出來。即使我們避免了全球衰退,也很難看到經濟活動恢復到新冠疫情之前的趨勢。
衰退是對歐元區的基本看法
Carpenter稱,目前,將陷入衰退是外界對歐元區的基本看法。歐元區主要受到俄羅斯天然氣供應限制的影響,導致能源價格飆升,預計今年年底前歐元區經濟增長將偏弱。
歐洲二季度GDP意外出現上漲,這是因爲歐洲經濟在新冠疫情後出現發彈。但7月份的PMI指數持續下行,Carpenter稱,歐洲經濟將在第四季度陷入衰退。
天然氣供應完全切斷是最壞的情況,不過這並非完全不可能。冬季物價水平已部分受到天然氣減供的影響,現在天然氣流量的正常化也只能帶來適度的緩解。
Carpenter認爲,歐洲央行目前幾乎一門心思地關注通脹,所以在出現經濟收縮或通脹正常化的確鑿數據之前,歐央行可能會有更多的加息。通脹和利率方面的阻力不會很快散去。
美聯儲軟着陸還有機會
Carpenter表示,他對美國經濟增長的樂觀程度只比歐洲的略高一些。美國前兩個季度GDP數據的負增長顯然給經濟蒙上了一層陰影,但這些數據具有一定的誤導性。
美聯儲主席鮑威爾在7月份的新聞發佈會上指出,美聯儲的策略是減緩經濟增長,以緩解通脹壓力,然後再轉向。
Carpenter稱,在貨幣政策繼續收緊的情況下,住宅和企業投資疲軟的趨勢不會逆轉,但也能讓此前過熱的消費市場降降溫。
目前消費支出受到了食品和能源價格飆升的影響,使得一年前商品過度消費的局面出現緩解、也扭轉了去年火熱的房地產市場。
Carpenter還表示,儘管7月份的就業報告顯示美國新增52.8萬個就業崗位,然而這種創造就業機會的步伐不會持續下去。美聯儲對經濟、以及就業的拖累是實質性的,也是有意爲之的。
Carpenter稱,美聯儲軟着陸的計劃並不是肯定會實現的,但還是有機會的。
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