易綱:將繼續實施穩健的貨幣政策 加大對實體經濟的支持力度
人民銀行行長易綱4月22日出席博鰲亞洲論壇2022年年會“全球通脹、加息潮和經濟穩定”分論壇,並作主旨演講。易綱表示,中國貨幣政策的首要任務是維護物價穩定。
當前國際形勢充滿不確定性,地緣政治緊張局勢進一步加劇全球通脹壓力。近期中國金融市場出現了一些波動,這既有外部衝擊因素,也有國內疫情散發、經濟下行壓力加大等內部因素的影響。
面對這些挑戰,中國貨幣政策提前佈局,穩健的貨幣政策加大了對實體經濟的支持力度。2021年12月以來,1年期和5年期以上LPR分別下降15個和5個基點。截至今年3月底,廣義貨幣(M2)和社會融資規模分別增長9.7%和10.6%,較上年末顯著上升。
2022年,人民銀行依法向中央財政上繳結存利潤總額超過1萬億元,主要用於留抵退稅和向地方政府轉移支付,上繳安排根據退稅和財政支出進度靠前發力。結存利潤主要來自人民銀行過去幾年的利潤積累,相當於增加GDP總量1%的財政支出,體現了貨幣政策和財政政策協調聯動,共同發力穩定宏觀經濟大盤。
發揮結構性貨幣政策直達工具的作用,大力支持重點領域和薄弱環節。設立科技創新和普惠養老兩項專項再貸款。實施好碳減排支持工具和支持煤炭清潔高效利用專項再貸款,通過金融機構向企業提供融資支持。截至今年2月末,通過碳減排支持工具已支持金融機構發放符合要求的碳減排貸款2300億元,帶動年度碳減排約4000多萬噸二氧化碳當量。綠色融資快速增長,截至今年3月末,綠色債券餘額約1.3萬億元,同比增長36%。截至2021年末,綠色貸款餘額近16萬億元,同比增長33%,快於各項貸款餘額增速22個百分點。
貨幣政策聚焦支持中小微企業和受疫情影響的脆弱羣體。3月末,普惠小微貸款餘額21萬億元,同比增長25%。最近,人民銀行進一步出臺了支持實體經濟的23條政策舉措,包括向受疫情影響的脆弱羣體提供支持。
適宜的貨幣金融環境支持了2022年中國經濟平穩開局。一季度中國GDP同比增長4.8%,增速較去年四季度有所回升。物價保持在合理區間,一季度CPI同比上漲1.1%,PPI上漲8.7%。
中國貨幣政策的首要任務是維護物價穩定。今年,糧食生產和能源供應對物價穩定非常重要。金融服務高度重視農業生產,以及煤炭、石油、天然氣等重要能源的生產和進口。只要確保糧食生產和能源供應,物價將穩定在合理區間。
中國將繼續實施穩健的貨幣政策,並將綜合運用多種工具爲中小微企業提供更多支持,加大對實體經濟的支持力度。
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