股市是否會在美聯儲加息週期中大跌?
如果從歷史經驗來看,股市投資者或許不必過於擔心美聯儲明年加息的影響。
有歷史數據顯示,當美聯儲在緊縮週期中首次加息時,標普500指數通常表現良好。 例如,美聯儲在1999年6月30日開始了加息週期,將利率提高了25個基點至5%。標準普爾500指數在當時已經上漲7%,並在當年上漲19.5%。
來源:Wind
2004年6月30日,美聯儲將利率從1%上調至1.25%。此後,標準普爾500指數上漲逾6%,全年累計上漲9%。在整個加息週期中,標準普爾500指數也表現良好,截至2007年9月上漲33.2%。
在美聯儲最近一輪緊縮週期,從2015年12月開始到2018年年底,股市確實出現了回落。然而,一些分析師指出,當時有幾個因素在起作用,包括全球經濟放緩和油價下跌等因素。
Evercore ISI的海曼還指出,全球經濟名義上正在增長,而美國房地產市場強勁,企業收益也在以極高的速度增長。所有這些都將推動股市走高,即使美聯儲加息25個基點。海曼認爲:「從名義價值來看,聯邦基金處於零水平似乎與所有這些基本面不一致。」
根據芝加哥商品交易所集團(CME Group)的「美聯儲觀察」(Fed watch)工具,交易員預計美聯儲將在2022年5月至少加息25個基點。
此外還有分析師表示,若屆時經濟仍保持強勁,且美聯儲進入新的緊縮週期,市場應能繼續走高,儘管貨幣政策收緊。雖然市場短期內可能會保持波動,但目前還沒有理由認爲股市不會在新一輪加息週期開始時反彈。鑑於當前經濟增長、就業和美聯儲資產負債表依然非常龐大,美聯儲在2022年加息50個基點,不太可能足以結束經濟擴張。
一些投資者也已經開始爲美聯儲的強硬態度轉變做準備,他們購買了今年早些時候青睞的週期性、對經濟敏感的股票,因爲市場預期美聯儲將集中精力抗擊通脹。成長型股票與以價值爲導向的股票(包括銀行、金融和能源公司等公司)之間的差距今年以來一直在波動,部分原因是投資者押注美聯儲將以多快的速度使貨幣政策正常化。
「市場內部開始反映出更快的加息週期,一些成長型股在拋售,」Harbor Capital Advisors Multi Asset Solutions主管spencer Lerner表示。
短期收益率上升,這可能源於美聯儲將採取更激進政策的預期,可能對估值較高的科技股和成長型股造成更大壓力,因爲它們可能侵蝕其長期現金流的價值。與此同時,價值股和週期性股往往會從經濟走強中受益,這往往是美聯儲收緊貨幣政策的先決條件。
Lerner偏好於高質量、週期性的美國大型股,這些公司的估值並不高,他預計隨着美聯儲加息的臨近,美元將繼續走強,這些公司將從中受益。
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